Citations--that
is, any direct quotations,
paraphrases (or indirect quotations), and summaries--from primary and secondary
sources in your HUM 211 written assignments should include enough bibliographical
information so that your readers (primarily HUM 211 students & the
instructor) can find the source/s for themselves and
examine your citations in their original context--literally, to make sure your
readers are on "the same page" and aboard the same "train of
thought" that you are. Academic
ethics and fair play (not to mention copyright laws!) also demand that you give
credit where credit is due, using an acceptable academic style.
A.
CITING HUM 211 COURSE "TEXTS" &
SOURCES
(That includes online Hum 211 Course Pack
& print resources, as well as required course
films/videos): Our
course texts used in Winter 2002 are shared by all of us, so in-text citations
(that is, sources cited in the text
of your own writing) can be streamlined, and no separate Works Cited (or bibliography) is
necessary.
If
you cite Hum 211 sources in your Discussion
#1 Report, for example, follow these models (or
contact Cora and ask for help):
Chinua
Achebe believes that centuries of negative Western images of Africa were
motivated by "the need to justify the slave trade and slavery"
("Images of Africa," Hum 211 Course Pack online).
When you are
citing passages from a web-document that is broken down and labeled into
parts, it will be helpful to reference such labeled divisions so that
your Hum 211 readers can more easily locate them. For example, the
following citations give the [scene
number] for a citation from Keita Film Notes, and the
Part number and Poem title
for a citation from I Is a Long Memoried Woman
Film Notes:
The
Hunter of Do is a mysterious figure with special powers, who appears in both
the past and present stories depicted in Keita: The Heritage of the Griot.
Yet, at the end of the film when Mabo asks him to tell the rest of the story,
the Hunter of Do refuses: “I can’t.
I’m not a griot. It’s
not my role. You will find
other griots on your road. They
can tell you the meaning of your name”
("Keita...Film Notes" [scene 17],
Hum 211 Course Pack online).
In
Part 5 of I Is a Long Memoried Woman, the
griot speaker senses the coming rebellion and asks
for guidance: "I require an omen, a
signal / I kyan not work this craft / on my own
strength . . . " ("The Omen," Film
Notes..., Hum 211 Course Pack
online).
Cite specific passages from Things Fall Apart like this, giving
Part, chapter, and page numbers:
Uchendu states, "'There is no story that
is not true'" (Part II, ch. 15, p. 99).
If
you wish to use an idea or quote a passage from
another Hum 211 student's work, give the student's
name and give the title and/or identify the
assignment:
I agree
with Kilmeny Hall "that in Things Fall Apart,
Chinua Achebe did present the Igbo people and their
culture as complex and valuable without
romanticizing the past. Achebe shows the Igbo as
diverse and deep as well as weak and strong. . . . .
Achebe is saying that his people are not perfect;
however neither should they be disregarded and cast
off as 'primitive' or simple" (Kilmeny Hall,
Topic #2, Discussion #3 Forum).
B.
CITING
OUTSIDE
SOURCES
(That
is, non-Hum 211 resources): More bibliographical
information needs to be given when citing "outside" sources (i.e.
non-course texts), because we do not have access to them as part of regular Hum
211 course materials. In the case of some assigned tasks for Discussion
#1 Reports
you
are required to review and cite outside sources. In these cases, Cora
has usually directed you to, and cited, some of web resources to
explore. Follow Cora's models for citing "outside" web sources
(or contact Cora for help).
For
example, Task D of Topic 3 (from Hum 211 Discussion #1
Report directions) asks you to review at
least two African cultural websites. You will need to cite, as fully as
possible, the web sources that you review so that your Hum 211 readers can
find these resources themselves.
Here
are a couple of models for citing web sources:
"African
Stories"
URL: http://www.afriprov.org/resources/stories.htm
(accessed 19 Jan. 2002).
From African
Proverbs, Sayings, and Stories. Moderator Rev. Joseph G. Healey,
M.M., Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania. Urban Ministries Support Group (UMSG), Nairobi, Kenya.
URL: http://www.afriprov.org/index.htm (accessed 19
Jan. 2002)
Mutere, Malaika (African Studies,
Howard University). "Introduction to African History and
Cultural Life: An African Historical Framework." African Odyssey
Interactive (AOI, Kennedy Center).
URL: http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/aoi/resources/hg/ae-guide.html
(accessed 19 Jan. 2002)
Thanks to Heidi,
I'm adding one more websource citation model:
Christina
Svendsen (Harvard University). “Points
to Ponder.” “Book
Summary – Things Fall Apart.”
CampusNut.com.
CampusNut.com, Inc. 2000-2001.
http://www.campusnut.com/book.cfm?article_id=640§ion=3
[accessed 9 March 2002].
[Note authors
of these articles are listed on this CampusNut.com
webpage:]
Nutshell Book Summary Index:
http://www.campusnut.com/bookindex.cfm
Open
Campus